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مقالهها، منابع و پژوهشهای تازه حوزه علوم تغذیه
ورود به زیرشاخهنقشه موضوعی
جستوجوی دقیقتغذیه و صنایع غذایی
تغذیه، رژیمدرمانی، ایمنی و فناوری غذا
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تغذیه بالینی
مقالهها، منابع و پژوهشهای تازه حوزه تغذیه بالینی
ورود به زیرشاخهتغذیه جامعه
مقالهها، منابع و پژوهشهای تازه حوزه تغذیه جامعه
ورود به زیرشاخهایمنی غذا
مقالهها، منابع و پژوهشهای تازه حوزه ایمنی غذا
ورود به زیرشاخهفناوری غذا
مقالهها، منابع و پژوهشهای تازه حوزه فناوری غذا
ورود به زیرشاخهمکملهای غذایی
مقالهها، منابع و پژوهشهای تازه حوزه مکملهای غذایی
ورود به زیرشاخهتازهترین رکوردها
شواهد تغذیه و صنایع غذایی
PubMed2026
Changing the Sickle Cell Nutrition Integration Narrative: Qualitative Perspectives From Sickle Cell Service Users/Carers About Nutritional Care.
INTRODUCTION: Nutrition is not currently integrated into standard care provision in sickle cell disease (SCD) impacting patients experience, access and outcomes of nutrition. The lack of understanding of the nutritional needs in SCD and its impact on patient outcomes requires exploration to integrate nutrition into clinical practice. However, there is a paucity of qualitative studies conducted with sickle cell service users/carers to explore their views, knowledge and experiences of nutritional care and the influencing factors affecting nutrition integration in SCD care. METHODS: An independent focus group involving SCD service users and carers formed part of a larger four phased participatory sequential Learning Alliance study conducted between March and December of 2020. Purposive sampling was used to recruit suitable adult sickle cell service users/carers (n = 11) to participate in this UK based study. RESULTS: Four main themes were generated including 1) The invisibility of SCD, 2) Under -recognised importance of nutrition, 3) Lack of priority to nutrition and 4) Multi-level factors affecting nutrition and service provision that underscore key knowledge and care gaps in addition to an array of influencing factors affecting nutrition integration in SCD. Moreover, these themes reflect the complexity of sickle cell nutrition and the impact of the lack of nutrition integration on SCD patients access and outcomes of nutrition. CONCLUSION: The main findings provide evidence of the nutrition knowledge and care gaps in SCD and the need to address the under-recognition and lack of priority to nutrition, driving the lack of nutrition integration and poor patient outcomes in SCD.
PubMed2026
Comparative Effects of Inulin, Psyllium Husk, and Carob Seed Germ Flour as Fiber-Enriching Ingredients on the Quality of Baromi-2 Rice Flour-Based Gluten-Free Bread.
A novel type of rice called Baromi-2 offers big advantages over wet-milled rice flour in cost, processing time, and environmental protection. This study assessed the impact of different dietary fibers on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of gluten-free bread made from Baromi-2 rice flour (BRF). Bread formulations were prepared using inulin, psyllium husk, and carob seed germ flour at substitution levels of 5% and 10% (w/w) based on Baromi-2 rice flour, labeled as I5/I10, P5/P10, and C5/C10, respectively. A control formulation without fiber addition was included for comparison. All breads were produced using the straight dough method, comprising kneading, resting, and proofing steps. Results showed that psyllium husk and carob seed germ flour significantly reduced bread volume, creating denser textures, while inulin led to a softer bread with greater baking loss, likely due to its higher gelatinization temperature. Structural analysis revealed that inulin-enriched bread (I5, I10) had more porous structures, enhancing mechanical strength, whereas psyllium and carob seed flour bread (P5, P10, C5, and C10) had compact structures associated with higher hardness and chewiness. Antioxidant activity increased with fiber concentration, peaking in the C10 formulation (63.33% and 45.12%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed strong associations between fiber types and quality traits, particularly specific volume and baking loss. Inulin proved most effective for improving texture, highlighting its potential for enhancing gluten-free bread quality. These findings emphasize the essential role of fiber type and concentration in influencing textural, structural, and antioxidant properties in gluten-free bread formulations.
PubMed2026
Critical Care Dietitians' Practices in the Nutritional Management of Critically Ill Patients Receiving Vasopressors and Artificial Nutrition Support.
INTRODUCTION: Nutritional management of critically ill patients receiving vasopressors is challenging. This survey aimed to describe UK critical care dietitians' practices and confidence regarding the route, timing and dose of artificial nutrition support in critically ill patients receiving vasopressors, and explore relationships of these with intensive care unit (ICU) and dietitian professional characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was distributed electronically to UK registered dietitians working in ICU via the British Dietetic Association Critical Care Specialist Group and British Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition mailing lists. The 32-item survey included questions regarding ICU and professional characteristics, dietetic practices (artificial nutrition route, timing, and dose), evidence sufficiency and confidence. Data were compared between ICU and professional characteristics and dietetic practice using Fisher's exact or Kruskal-Wallis tests, as appropriate, and with self-reported confidence using Spearman's rank correlation or Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTS: Of 89 responses, 72 met the eligibility criteria. All respondents completing dietetic practice questions (71/71, 100%) used gastric feeding as the first-line artificial nutrition route, and two thirds (47, 66.2%) initiated this within 24-48 h of ICU admission. Over two thirds (39/57, 68.4%) aimed for < 70% energy targets in the first 72 h, with 48 (84.2%) escalating to full targets thereafter. Despite more than three quarters (41/52, 78.8%) feeling confident in managing critically ill patients receiving vasopressors, most considered evidence to be insufficient. There was no significant association between enteral nutrition practices and any ICU or dietitian professional characteristics or self-reported confidence. CONCLUSION: Amongst UK critical care dietitians, there is substantial variation in EN initiation and escalation practices for critically ill patients receiving vasopressors. Despite high self-reported confidence, evidence concerning the route, timing and dose of artificial nutrition was perceived insufficient.
PubMed2026
Development of a Theoretical Framework for Program Evaluation of the Impact of Policy, Systems, and Environmental Interventions on Individual-Level Behavior.
BACKGROUND: As community nutrition education programs have expanded to include policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) initiatives to increase access to nutritious food and safe physical activity, the impact of these efforts on the consumption of healthier foods and physical activity levels is not clear. Research shows the effectiveness of PSE changes on individual-level behavior in controlled environments and in other public health disciplines. However, more evidence and guidance is needed to show the impact of PSE interventions in practice on individual-level nutrition and physical activity behaviors. The PSE Intervention and Evaluation Framework (PSE-IEF) was developed to explain the process by which implemented PSE activities may result in behavior changes within the priority audience. METHODS: Framework development involved a review and Theory of Change mapping process of a list of PSE changes used in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program- Education (SNAP-Ed) Program, an environmental literature scan to identify relevant theories and related factors, and an expert review. The environmental scan examined how PSE changes are conceptualized as drivers of behavior change and how their impacts are measured at the individual level. Sources were identified through database searches, grey literature review, and citation tracking, with inclusion limited to U.S.-based, English-language documents published in the past 10 years. Twelve frameworks or theories were reviewed for their focus on individual behavior, ability to capture behavior change over time, and recognition of individual choice in when or whether change occurs. The PSE changes theory of change mapping results were reviewed for alignment with the selected framework and applied to a logic model for PSE implementers. Forty-five practitioners reviewed the framework for relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility, with revisions made iteratively until no substantial changes to structure or content were received. RESULTS: The final PSE-IEF describes how PSE programs are implemented at the organizational level and how they might impact the target audience at the individual level. To see outcomes at the individual level, organizational level activities must be completed, including staff awareness, engagement, action and maintenance activities to produce PSE outputs available for target audience use. Precaution Adoption Process Model stages of awareness, engagement, decision, action, and maintenance describe the responses at both the organizational and individual level over time. CONCLUSIONS: The resultant framework can be used to guide PSE intervention and evaluation in community-based programs and to increase the evidence base illustrating the impact of PSE interventions on individual behavior and health.
PubMed2026
Incidence and Risk Factors of Gastric Retention Associated With Enteral Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
BACKGROUND: Gastric retention is a common complication in enteral nutrition, which may lead to interruption of nutrition, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance and other problems. Up-to-date knowledge of its incidence and influencing factors is crucial for optimal management strategies of enteral nutrition. AIM: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the incidence of retention of gastric contents in patients receiving enteral feeding and to identify significant influencing factors. DESIGN: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS: Using established methods and searching from database inception to 18 May 2025, we searched CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. RevMan 5.4 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A meta-analysis of 14 studies involving 2642 patients receiving enteral nutrition reported a 32.0% incidence of gastric retention. Nineteen factors associated with gastric retention were identified. Notably, descriptive analyses indicated that early initiation of enteral nutrition (OR = 0.37) and concomitant use of probiotics (OR = 0.22) were protective against the development of gastric retention. CONCLUSION: Findings support clinicians and nurses in more accurately identifying high-risk patients and formulating targeted intervention strategies based on the identified risk factors.
PubMed2026
Overestimating the Prevalence of Vegans, Vegetarians and Reducetarians Reflects Basic Psychological Biases in Estimating Proportions.
In two studies, people estimated the percent of vegans, vegetarians, those following a reduced meat diet and omnivores for specific populations. In a study of Polish adults (n = 1038), participants provided estimates of the diets of Poles and of residents of the US. In a US student sample (n = 2538), participants provided estimates of the diets of their fellow students and of the US population. With a few exceptions, participants overestimated the sizes of dietary minorities (vegans, vegetarians, and reducetarians) and underestimated size of the dietary majority (omnivores). Moreover, these under- and overestimates did not vary systematically as a function of participant diet or vegetarian threat. Although women's estimates of the size of dietary minorities were larger than men's and women's estimates of the size of the omnivorous majority were smaller than men's, both men and women overestimated the percent of dietary minorities and underestimated the percent of omnivores. These misestimates reflect the operation of a general cognitive bias called 'Uncertainty-Based Rescaling', that has been found to explain why people consistently underestimate the sizes of majorities and overestimate the sizes of minorities without the need to infer the operation of biases due to similarity, threat and so forth.
PubMed2026
[Nutritional supplementation as a health strategy against frailty: a paradigm shift in patient-centered care].
Introduction: frailty is a highly prevalent clinical syndrome among older adults, associated with functional decline, increased dependency, and higher morbidity and mortality. It is currently recognized as a dynamic and potentially reversible clinical condition through early interventions supported by scientific societies. Objectives: to review the current approach to frailty from a multidimensional perspective, analysing the role of clinical nutrition, oral nutritional supplementation, and physical exercise as therapeutic interventions supported by scientific consensus. Methods: a narrative review of clinical guidelines, consensus documents, and relevant clinical studies on frailty, geriatric nutrition, and therapeutic exercise. Results and conclusions: major scientific societies recommend early management of frailty within a multidisciplinary framework. Nutritional intervention and structured physical exercise have a positive impact on functional capacity and muscle mass, constituting a fundamental pillar in the current management of frailty and in the promotion of healthy aging.
PubMed2026
[The role of alcoholic beverages in Mediterranean culture].
The article analyzes the cultural, social, and historical role of alcoholic beverage consumption within the Mediterranean diet, highlighting that drinking goes beyond nutrition and reflects factors such as social status, economy, and culture. It explains various factors influencing alcohol consumption: its relationship with agriculture (use of surpluses), religion (rituals and ceremonies), social life (rules and customs), pleasure (taste and enjoyment), health, and environmental impact. All these aspects shape how, when, where, and with whom alcohol is consumed. The text also points out that there are different patterns of consumption depending on the type of drink, context, and purpose, and it distinguishes between the cultural acceptance of alcohol and individual risks such as addiction or excessive consumption, which can lead to diseases and injuries. From a historical perspective, it shows that alcoholic beverages have been important since ancient civilizations, such as in Mesopotamia and Egypt, where they were part of daily life and diet, although their risks were already recognized. Within the Mediterranean diet, alcohol consumption is integrated into a social and cultural context, especially linked to shared meals. However, recommendations regarding its consumption have evolved over time. Finally, the text concludes with current guidelines: do not start drinking if you do not already do so, drink responsibly and in moderation if you choose to, always with food and in social settings, avoid it in risky situations, and remember that not all alcoholic beverages are the same in terms of composition and effects.
PubMed2026
Transanastomotic tube following surgery for congenital duodenal obstruction: its effect on nutrition and clinical outcomes.
PURPOSE: Congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO) is a common neonatal intestinal obstruction associated with prematurity, low birth weight, and additional anomalies. Postoperative enteral feeding delays, caused by proximal duodenal dysmotility and anastomotic edema, prolong the need for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and the use of a central venous catheter (CVC). The transanastomotic tube (TAT) bypasses the dysfunctional segment for direct jejunal feeding. This study evaluated effects of TAT on outcomes, TPN/CVC requirements, complications, and hospitalization duration in neonates undergoing CDO repair. METHODS: Forty-eight CDO patients (January 2012-January 2021) were retrospectively reviewed. After excluding 7 pre-feeding deaths and 5 early TAT removals, 36 patients were analyzed: TAT(+) (n = 21) and TAT(-) (n = 15). Demographic characteristics, obstruction type, surgical technique, anomalies, feeding milestones, TPN duration, CVC use, complications, and hospitalization durations were compared. RESULTS: Groups were comparable for gestational age, birthweight, obstruction type, and associated anomalies. Time to initiation of enteral feeding was significantly shorter in TAT(+) group (3.01 ± 2.05 vs. 11.1 ± 5.4 days, p = 0.001), as was time to full enteral feeding (7.6 ± 3.8 vs. 19.2 ± 15.6 days, p = 0.002). TPN duration was shorter (6.5 ± 4.1 vs. 19.8 ± 12.4 days, p = 0.019) and CVC insertion rate lower (23.8% vs. 73.3%; p = 0.004) in TAT(+) group. Complication rates were 19% vs. 73.3% (p = 0.002); anastomotic leaks/strictures occurred exclusively in TAT(-) group. Hospitalization was shorter in TAT(+) patients (12.6 ± 4.9 vs. 25.2 ± 21.1 days, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: TAT placement following CDO repair facilitates earlier enteral feeding, reduces TPN and CVC requirements, decreases complications, and shortens hospitalization. TAT is an effective postoperative nutritional strategy, particularly in high-risk neonates.
PubMed2026
Informing food safety trainings in low- and middle-income countries: a novel evaluation of training materials and design.
BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades, food safety training interventions in LMICs have increased significantly, yet improvements in food hygiene and safety outcomes remain inconsistent. This limited effectiveness may reflect a lack of contextual adaptation and a failure to align training materials with the socio-economic constraints of participants. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate LMIC food safety training interventions and their educational materials on a novel framework, and to propose a checklist for the efficacy of future programs. METHODS: Relevant literature on training interventions was systematically identified, and only studies with accessible training materials were included. Interventions were evaluated using a novel qualitative framework, encompassing image-text ratios, readability grade, training design, incentives, and outcome parameters. Novel concepts, 'Engagement features' and 'Contextual-fit factors' were also developed, and the correlations between them were tested. RESULTS: A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria with available training materials. Infographics from 13 studies demonstrated a satisfactory balance of images and text. The readability assessment revealed an average result comparable to the US grade 6 level (5.90 ± 1.74), potentially hindering comprehension for low-literacy populations. Incentives were commonly used (n = 18), most frequently as non-cash economic incentives. Change in knowledge was the most measured outcome, and studies reporting null or negative results lacked several engagement and contextual-fit elements. CONCLUSIONS: This study uses innovative methods to identify and shed light on the existing gaps in food safety trainings. Based on these findings, it proposes a 35-point checklist to support the development of more engaging, comprehensible, and contextually appropriate programs.
PubMed2026
Multidisciplinary management and nursing care for pediatric patients with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome in the acute phase: A case series.
RATIONALE: This case series discusses the nursing care and clinical outcomes of 3 pediatric patients with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) and acute-phase complications, focusing on critical care interventions such as seizure management, respiratory support, and nutritional therapy. PATIENT CONCERNS: Three male patients, aged 10, 5, and 7, presented with altered consciousness, seizures, and recurrent fever. Diagnostic tests, including magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram (EEG), and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, revealed abnormal EEG findings, suspected meningeal inflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities. DIAGNOSES: All patients were diagnosed with FIRES, accompanied by acute neurological deterioration, supported by EEG and magnetic resonance imaging. INTERVENTIONS: All patients required intensive care unit mechanical ventilation. Two underwent tracheostomy during prolonged ventilator dependence, whereas 1 was extubated to low-flow nasal oxygen after approximately 14 days without tracheostomy. Seizure management included anticonvulsants and a ketogenic diet, with individualized adjustments according to clinical response. Multidisciplinary care involved specialists in neurology, respiratory medicine, and rehabilitation. OUTCOMES: Short-term outcomes differed. One tracheostomized patient was later decannulated and discharged clinically improved, with recovery of communication, oral intake, and independent ambulation. The non-tracheostomized patient remained off invasive ventilation but continued inpatient neurologic and nutritional management, while the other tracheostomized patient still required ventilatory and neurologic management in the latest available record. LESSONS: Coordinated multidisciplinary nursing, early nutritional planning, and structured monitoring may help organize acute-phase FIRES care while supporting individualized respiratory, seizure, and complication management.
PubMed2026
The effect of system-level intervention in early childhood education and care on children's dietary intake and environmental impact of the diet.
PURPOSE: Food systems have a large impact on human health and environmental sustainability. Early childhood education and care is an ideal setting for systemic change. We performed a cluster-randomised trial aiming at climate-friendly and healthy sustainable diet at 23 daycare centres in four Finnish municipalities in 2022 and evaluated system-level intervention effects on food consumption and nutrient intake, and climate and biodiversity impacts of the diet. METHODS: The intervention was initially designed by the research group and refined through co-creation workshops with food service and daycare professionals, and municipal decision makers. The 10-month intervention comprised a modified menu towards more plant-based food supply, and food education. Children's (n = 111) diet was assessed at baseline, mid-term, and/or at the end of the intervention by food frequency questionnaires. The climate and biodiversity impacts per megajoule were assessed using previously specified coefficients for the foods. Multilevel linear mixed models were used in the analysis. RESULTS: During the intervention, children's consumption of legumes and legume products and fish from nearby areas increased, while that of red meat, sausages, and other meat products decreased (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.001). The changes in food consumption were substantial, with effect sizes ranging from 0.9 to 2.69. Nutrient intake was not affected by the intervention. Intervention decreased climate and biodiversity impacts of food provided at daycare (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that well-planned systemic change in meal provision and food education at daycare resulted in healthier and more climate-friendly diets among children.
PubMed2026
The interplay between early energy intake and nosocomial infection risk in the critically ill neonate.
This study aimed to assess the association between early nutritional support - specifically the attainment of predefined energy targets - and the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in critically ill neonates. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 200 critically ill neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit between January 2022 and December 2023. Participants were stratified into 2 exposure groups according to the timing of nutritional initiation and adequacy of energy/protein intake during the first postnatal week: an early-adequate nutrition group (n = 92) and a delayed or insufficient nutrition group (n = 108). A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to evaluate the independent effect of energy target achievement on HAI risk, with additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess robustness. The cohorts were largely comparable at baseline, although birth weight was significantly higher in the early-adequate nutrition group (1605 ± 390 vs 1470 ± 440 g, P = .02). Initiation of nutritional support occurred earlier in the early-adequate group, resulting in significantly greater cumulative energy and protein intake by day 7. The energy target achievement rate was 100% in the early-adequate group, compared with 33.3% in the delayed/insufficient group (P < .001). Throughout the follow-up period, 48 neonates (24.0%) developed HAIs, with a significantly lower incidence observed in the early-adequate nutrition group (15.2% vs 31.5%, P = .008). Quartile-based analysis demonstrated a clear inverse dose-response relationship between energy intake and infection incidence (P for trend = .001). After adjusting for potential confounders, achievement of the energy target (≥60 kcal/kg/d) remained independently associated with reduced HAI risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.89, P = .02). Subgroup analyses revealed a more pronounced protective effect among very low birth weight infants and those born at <28 weeks' gestation. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the consistency of these findings across alternative energy thresholds (60, 70, and 80 kcal/kg/d). Early attainment of energy targets is independently associated with a reduced incidence of HAIs in critically ill neonates, underscoring the vital role of timely and sufficient nutritional support in mitigating infectious complications in the neonatal intensive care unit setting.
PubMed2026
Application of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in Dietary Health Management: Systematic Review.
BACKGROUND: Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) use real-time data to deliver personalized support at moments of heightened need and may improve dietary behaviors in real-world settings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to systematically review the application, characteristics, and effectiveness of JITAIs in dietary health management. METHODS: We included human studies evaluating JITAIs-based dietary interventions delivered through digital platforms that used real-time or near-real-time data to tailor intervention content, timing, or intensity. Eligible studies reported at least one behavioral, engagement, physiological, or clinical outcome; reviews, protocols, editorials, commentaries, and studies without outcome data were excluded. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), and ISRCTN (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number) from inception. The initial search was conducted on August 20, 2025, and updated on March 16, 2026; reference lists were also screened manually. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the 2018 Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and reporting quality was assessed using the Mobile Health Evidence Reporting and Assessment checklist. Because of substantial heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. The review was registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD420261285292). RESULTS: Twenty studies involving 2948 participants were included. Target populations comprised individuals with overweight or obesity, chronic conditions, and eating disorders and the general population engaged in dietary management. Interventions were mainly delivered via smartphone apps, SMS text messaging, wearable-device feedback, and context-triggered notifications. More consistent benefits were observed for proximal behavioral and process outcomes, including fruit and vegetable intake, sodium-restriction behaviors, drinking automaticity, self-monitoring, eating-related behaviors, and responsiveness to prompts. Some studies also reported improvements in distal clinical outcomes, such as body weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and selected biochemical indicators. However, these findings were inconsistent, and most studies did not show clear between-group advantages. Common implementation barriers included device incompatibility, variability in digital literacy, geolocation or signal limitations, and burden from frequent prompts. CONCLUSIONS: JITAIs-based dietary interventions appear promising for supporting timely and individualized dietary behavior change, particularly for proximal behavioral outcomes, although evidence for sustained clinical effects remains inconsistent. This review contributes to the JITAIs literature by examining dietary health management as a distinct application domain and by synthesizing evidence that has otherwise been dispersed across broader reviews of digital behavior change and weight management. By integrating intervention characteristics, delivery approaches, triggering mechanisms, and effects across diverse populations, it clarifies methodological and implementation gaps and informs more standardized intervention design and reporting. These findings support the development of scalable, context-sensitive digital dietary interventions for clinical care, chronic disease self-management, weight management, and public health nutrition.
PubMed2026
Disordered Eating, Self-Reported Nutrition Knowledge, and Online Nutrition Information Seeking Among an International Sample of Adults.
OBJECTIVE: Examine relationships between self-reported nutrition knowledge, seeking nutrition information online, and disordered eating. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were drawn from online surveys in 2021 among adults from Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States (N = 21,138). Adjusted logistic models generated odds ratios to assess relationships between self-reported nutrition knowledge (ordinal) and online sources of nutrition information (dichotomous) with disordered eating. RESULTS: Higher self-reported nutrition knowledge was associated with elevated odds of binge eating, preoccupation with thinness, and self-induced vomiting. Seeking nutrition information online was associated with higher odds of binge eating in Australia and Mexico; lower odds of self-induced vomiting in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the United States; and higher odds of preoccupation with thinness in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Disordered eating is cross-sectionally associated with self-reported nutrition knowledge and seeking nutrition information from online sources. Results indicate a greater need for public health nutrition research and education.
PubMed2026
Dietary intervention through bacterial-derived butyrate elicits anti-tumor activity and increases anti-PD-1 response.
The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a key modulator of cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Given that diet is one of the most important determinants of the gut microbiome composition and function, nutritional strategies have emerged as promising tools to modulate anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that dietary supplementation with inulin reduces tumor growth and enhances αPD-1 efficacy in mice. These effects were associated with increased frequencies of intra-tumoral CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells, particularly CCR9⁺CXCR3⁺ subsets, and enrichment of beneficial taxa such as Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae, alongside elevated short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels. Among the SCFA, butyrate alone recapitulated the anti-tumor effect of inulin and had an additive effect when combined with αPD-1 therapy in a CD8⁺ T cell-dependent manner. Butyrate exerted its anti-tumor effects by transcriptional changes in CD8⁺ T cells involving activation of proliferation, trafficking, and metabolic pathways. In a cohort of 117 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients amenable to immunotherapy, the median dietary fiber intake was lower than previously published studies but correlated with enrichment of Faecalibacterium praunitzii and metabolic pathways related to sucrose degradation and tryptophan biosynthesis. Collectively, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting diet-microbiome-immune system interactions to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes.
PubMed2026
Intestinal gases as markers to study the diet-gut microbiota-host metabolism axis in humans and their relationship to metabolic health.
The gut microbiota‒host metabolism axis is a critical determinant of metabolic health, yet its functional activity remains difficult to monitor in vivo. The gut microbiota ferments undigested food components such as dietary fibers and proteins, yielding various important metabolites and gases that impact human metabolism. This review synthesizes current evidence on intestinal gases, primarily hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as non-invasive markers of the trade-off between saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation. Within the current review, we evaluate the concentrations of important gut metabolites and gases and techniques to measure intestinal gases, including stable isotope breath tests, volatile organic compound (VOC) profiling, and respiration chambers. Crucially, we highlight that these gases may function not only as metabolic byproducts and biomarkers of microbial activity but as active signaling molecules influencing gastrointestinal transit, satiety, and systemic inflammation. This review concludes that real-time gas monitoring provides a unique opportunity to study real-time gut microbial fermentation. We propose a framework for phenotyping individual or subgroup-based fermentation patterns to guide personalized nutritional interventions for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
PubMed2026
Ketogenic diet in adult obesity: safety, limitations, and evidence from various clinical applications.
The aim of this study was to present the current state of knowledge regarding the use of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of obesity in adults, with particular emphasis on its safety, indications, and contraindications, and to relate these findings to its established use in drug-resistant epilepsy and other clinical conditions. Despite growing interest in its clinical application, the effectiveness and safety of this intervention remain a matter of debate. A narrative review of the literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar from 2021 to 2024 was conducted using the keywords "ketogenic diet," "obesity," "epilepsy," "type 2 diabetes," "cardiovascular diseases," "PCOS," "neurological diseases," and "psychiatric disorders," as well as their combinations with AND/OR operators. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and selected clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the ketogenic diet were included in the analysis. The ketogenic diet demonstrates effectiveness in short-term weight loss and improvement of selected metabolic parameters in patients with obesity. However, its long-term effects remain equivocal and do not appear to offer significant advantages over other dietary strategies. The diet is associated with a risk of adverse effects and requires appropriate clinical monitoring. While it is a recognized and effective therapeutic option for drug-resistant epilepsy, its use in other conditions has not been established as a standard therapeutic approach. The ketogenic diet may be considered as part of obesity treatment in carefully selected patients, provided that potential benefits and risks are individually assessed. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine its long-term effectiveness and safety.
PubMed2026
The onset of hypertension in metabolic syndrome is independent of renal sympathetic innervation.
Increased sympathetic tone and hypertension are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome and contribute to chronic kidney disease. Although renal sympathetic denervation transiently lowers blood pressure, its role in the development of metabolic and renal alterations remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the contribution of renal sympathetic input to the onset and progression of high-fat diet-induced alterations. Male Wistar rats underwent bilateral renal denervation before metabolic challenge and were fed a standard or high-fat diet for 8 or 12 wk. High-fat feeding induced hypertension, proteinuria, increased angiotensin II, and reduced creatinine clearance, urinary flow, and potassium excretion, independently of denervation. Renal norepinephrine content confirmed effective denervation and was not affected by diet. Denervation attenuated ketonuria in high-fat diet-fed rats. The phosphorylation of AKT, PI3K, and ERK1/2 in the kidney was modulated by interactions among diet, renal sympathetic input, and time. These findings indicate that renal sympathetic nerves contribute to early stages of metabolic dysregulation, whereas prolonged hypercaloric exposure overrides autonomic control and promotes cardiovascular and renal complications.
PubMed2026
HMB supplementation combined with high-intensity functional exercise supports aerobic capacity but not strength in trained and untrained males: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation may support aerobic capacity and isometric strength. Its utility has been studied mainly for 3 g HMB·day-1. Therefore, new and personalized HMB supplementation protocols should be verified. This parallel randomized placebo(PLA)-controlled triple-blind study was designed to evaluate the effects of liquid HMB free acid supplementation during customary training/lifestyle or combined with high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on aerobic fitness, physical capacity, and isometric strength indices following an incremental cycling test (ICT) in trained (TR) and untrained (UTR) males. METHODS: Fifty-three TR (29.1 ± 7.7 years; body mass (BM): 84.8 ± 10.0 kg; FFM: 71.2 ± 8.9 kg) and 37 UTR participants (32.3 ± 7.6 years; BM: 90.1 ± 16.5 kg; FFM: 68.4 ± 10.3 kg) completed two 3-weeks periods, including: 1) supplementation period (SUP)-ingesting 90 mg·kgFFM -1·day-1 of either HMB or PLA and performing usual training (TR) or lifestyle (UTR), and 2) HMB/PLA ingestion combined with the additional HIFT stimuli (2 units per week; SUP + EX). TR_HMB, TR_PLA, UTR_HMB, UTR_PLA groups were analyzed. Testing visits were performed at baseline (T BAS ), and after the SUP (T SUP ) and the SUP + EX (T SUP+EX ). The following evaluations were performed: BM and body composition, ICT, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the lower limb. A general linear model was conducted to examine the main effects and interaction of treatment (supplementation) (HMB/PLA), training status (TS; TR/UTR), and baseline values (BAS) over repeated measurements (T BAS , T SUP , T SUP+EX ). The following interactions were tested: visit × treatment; visit × TS; visit × treatment × TS; and visit × treatment × TS × BAS. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (non-normal distribution) were conducted to examine differences in the degree of absolute changes (ΔT SUP -T BAS , ΔT SUP+EX -T SUP , ΔT SUP+EX -T BAS ) in the measured indices between studied subgroups. RESULTS: Increases (T SUP+EX -T BAS ) in VO2MAX (p = 0.024), time to the anaerobic threshold (AT; p < 0.001), VO2AT (p = 0.001), power output at the AT (p < 0.001), heart rate at the AT (p < 0.001), time to the respiratory compensation point (RCP; p < 0.001), VO2RCP (p < 0.001), power output at the RCP (p < 0.001) were higher in TR_HMB vs. TR_PLA. Simultaneously, in UTR, greater increases in TimeRCP (p = 0.001) and PowerRCP (p = 0.002) occurred with HMB supplementation compared to PLA. MVIC indices did not change due to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of high HMB dose combined with HIFT increases aerobic fitness and capacity, especially RCP and AT indices. HMB supplementation combined with HIFT evoked significant favorable changes in a greater number of the evaluated aerobic fitness and capacity indices in trained compared to untrained individuals. Thus, untrained individuals probably need greater exercise stimuli (>2 HIFT units per week) and a longer intervention period to obtained greater benefits. These findings suggest that incorporating liquid HMB supplementation at a dose of 90 mg·kgFFM -1·day-1 alongside HIFT is an effective strategy to enhance aerobic fitness and capacity in trained individuals, while further research including longer intervention periods and greater training stimuli is needed to determine the optimal supplementation protocol for untrained individuals.
PubMed2026
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL ameliorates chronic kidney disease by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 21 adaptive stress response via low protein diet.
Low-protein diets (LPD) are recommended in chronic kidney disease (CKD) to reduce disease progression. However, their clinical efficacy and safety are debated due to the risk of protein-energy wasting. A deeper mechanistic understanding is therefore required. Herein, the metabolic effects of LPD in both murine models and a randomized controlled trial in nondiabetic CKD patients were investigated, focusing on glucose homeostasis, plasmatic uremic toxin (UTs) levels, gut microbiota remodeling, and endocrine adaptations. In both experimental and clinical settings, LPD improved glucose tolerance and significantly decreased circulating levels of gut-derived UTs while reducing body weight (-33% weight gain in mice and a decrease in body mass index of ~-0.5 kg/m2 in humans). These metabolic improvements were associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and function, including the downregulation of microbial pathways involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. In both mice and patients, LPD triggered a significant hepatic induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine regulator of amino acid deficiency (+2.9-fold in human and 28-fold in mice) FGF21 levels correlated negatively with lean mass and positively with fat mass and glycemic control, supporting a dual role in metabolic adaptation and catabolic signaling. To mitigate the adverse nutritional effects of LPD, we administered Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL (LpWJL), a probiotic previously found to enhance growth of under nutritional stress in CKD mice. LpWJL restored circulating amino acid levels, suppressed FGF21 induction (-26%) and stress-related biosynthetic responses, and preserved body weight (+247% weight gain) and composition, without impairing the benefits of LPD on kidney and metabolic parameters. The present findings identify UTs and FGF21 as crucial factors of the metabolic response to LPD, and support microbiota-targeted strategies, such as LpWJL supplementation, to enhance LPD efficacy. Clinical trials are, however, required to confirm their relevance in CKD management.
PubMed2026
Christensenella massiliensis reduces kynurenine levels and alleviates obesity and related metabolic disorders in model mice.
Next-generation probiotics derived from gut commensals show promise for metabolic disease intervention, yet effective anti-obesity strains remain limited. Here, we demonstrate that oral administration of Christensenella massiliensis markedly alleviates obesity and metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Treatment reduced food intake, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, lowered blood glucose and lipid levels, and attenuated hepatic steatosis and adipose accumulation. C. massiliensis increased the levels of plasma GLP-1 and ileal GLP-1 receptor expression while decreasing ghrelin level, suggesting modulation of gut hormone regulation. C. massiliensis also suppressed systemic and colonic inflammation, accompanied by upregulation of metabolic homeostasis-related genes (ppara, pparg, ucp2). Targeted and quantitative metabolomics identified altered gut metabolic profiles, particularly reduced kynurenine levels. In vitro assays further showed that C. massiliensis converted kynurenine into kynurenic acid, and its lysate reversed kynurenine-induced lipid accumulation, inflammation, and PPARγ suppression in hepatocytes, providing mechanistic support for the observed in vivo metabolic benefits. These findings support C. massiliensis as a promising next-generation probiotic for obesity management.
PubMed2026
Assessing the implementation of public policies aimed at addressing the double burden of nutrition in Burundi: perspectives and recommendations.
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of premature mortality in Africa, with Burundi facing a growing double burden of malnutrition effects: undernutrition and rising obesity rates. Despite recent policy efforts, including national strategies and increased health spending, the country's health system remains under-resourced and vulnerable to nutrition-related health challenges. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the extent of implementation of public policies aimed at creating healthy food environments in Burundi using the Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI), and to identify policy gaps and priorities for addressing the double burden of malnutrition. METHODS: From December 2022 to February 2024, the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) tool was used to benchmark 56 policy and infrastructure indicators against Good Practice Statements. Documentation was reviewed, and evidence was validated by a panel of 24 experts from government, academia, and civil society through two workshops. Experts scored the level of policy implementation using a five-point Likert scale and prioritized future actions based on importance, achievability, and effectiveness. RESULTS: Of the 56 indicators assessed, 27% were rated as "very little or no implementation" and 37% as "low implementation." Only 13% were rated as "high." Infrastructure support indicators generally scored higher than policy components. Thirteen indicators were not addressed in any existing policy documents. Experts identified 13 priority actions, seven of which aligned with WHO "double-duty actions." Inter-rater reliability was moderate (Gwet AC2 = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Significant policy gaps remain in Burundi's approach to improving food environments. There is an urgent need for comprehensive, multisectoral strategies to strengthen public health nutrition and reduce the impact of diet-related NCDs.
PubMed2026
Gut microbiomes of tribal communities in India vary with dairy and grain consumption.
Highly diverse gut microbiomes of non-industrialized populations share similarities with ancestral states of symbiosis and are linked to low rates of chronic inflammatory diseases. Yet there is still limited understanding of the diverse array of non-industrialized gut microbiomes throughout the world, including among the tribal populations of India. In this study, we surveyed dietary and fecal microbiome variation among 76 adults from eight tribal communities in four biogeographic regions of India, including Warli on the western coast, Gond and Madia in the northeast Deccan Plateau, Kabui (or Rongmei Naga) in the northeast hills of the Himalayas, and Balti, Boto, Brokpa, and Purigpa in the northwest Trans-Himalayas. Metagenomic and 16S sequencing of fecal samples identified Segatella, Agathobacter, and Faecalibacterium as core members of the gut microbiome of all populations, with Segatella copri (formerly Prevotella copri) dominant at mean 25%-47% relative abundance. Four Trans-Himalayan populations with diets uniquely defined by dairy and diverse cereals had elevated gut alpha diversity and distinct beta diversity, driven by prevalent and abundant Bifidobacterium as well as taxa shared with the ruminant microbiome. Strains of B. adolescentis present in the dairy-consuming populations were genetically distinct from industrialized strains around the world and encoded CAZymes consistent with selection by dairy and grain consumption. The gut microbiomes of a minority of subjects shared taxonomic and functional features with a previously described sample of Californians, suggesting that the pressures posed by globalization could be impacting the microbiomes of tribal populations. These results highlight the nutritional and microbiological contribution of dairy livestock in shaping gut communities and emphasize the large effect that lifestyle can have on the diversity and function of non-industrialized gut microbiomes.
PubMed2026
Awareness of the Mediterranean Diet and its Perceived Effect on Cardiovascular Health in the Western Region, Saudi Arabia.
OBJECTIVE: To increase awareness of mediterranean diet (MD) and its perceived effects on cardiovascular health, enhance knowledge and inform public health efforts aimed at improving the population's health outcomes of. The MD comprises heart-healthy eating patterns high in vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, and fruits. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved adult participants who were living in the Western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data were collected online through social media platforms, then cleaned, coded, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 21 to generate key insights. RESULTS: A total of 390 participants were included in the study. The study noted gender differences in the awareness of core MD components, with females showing better knowledge than males (p = 0.009). Compared to other age groups, participants aged 18-29 years demonstrated significantly higher awareness of the diet (p = 0.008) and cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.009). Common foods cited as good sources of dietary fiber include oats (302, 48.5%) and legumes (199, 31.9%). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated a lack of awareness of the MD among the participants, but female and young adults demonstrated better awareness of the diet and its perceived effects on cardiovascular health. The research identified critical deficiencies in knowledge and awareness regarding the importance of MD in cardiovascular health. These findings call for greater public education and awareness regarding healthy lifestyle and dietary choices, aimed at encouraging healthy practices and enhancing overall wellbeing.
PubMed2026
Gluten contamination in commercially available gluten-free products in Jordan: a cross-sectional market surveillance study with public health implications.
This cross-sectional based market surveillance study examined the level of gluten contamination in commercially manufactured products labelled 'gluten-free' in Jordan and compared the results to the globally recognised 20 mg/kg gluten safety limit for people with coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. From August 2022 to November 2024, 182 goods from 25 different food categories were tested in retail locations in Jordan's main governorates. A validated monoclonal-based antibody-sandwich ELISA was used to determine the levels of gluten concentration, and a 95% CI was used to describe the prevalence of contamination. Overall, 47 of 182 products (25.8%; 95% CI: 19.7-32.6%) exceeded 20 mg/kg gluten. With maximum concentrations of 395.8 mg/kg, the highest non-compliance was found in rice-based goods (66.7%), milk products (50.0), and cookies (42.9). On the other hand, with the fact that several categories had rather small sample sizes, no violations were found in any of them. Jordan had a higher rate of contamination than a number of other places, including Europe (0.5%), India (10.8% of packaged items marketed as gluten-free), and Mexico (17.4%). The findings highlight clinically relevant issues with the quality of gluten-free products and support further monitoring, manufacturing supervision, and regulatory actions to better protect customers who depend on strict gluten avoidance guidelines.
PubMed2026
Impairment of intestinal immunity in gluten-sensitive HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice on a high-fat diet.
A high-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with dysregulated immunity both at the systemic and mucosal levels in mouse models. The underlying mechanisms are partially known. We analysed the effect of diet on immunity in HLA-DQ8 (DQ8) transgenic mice, a specific model of gluten sensitivity, and investigated a possible interplay between gluten and an HFD. Our aim was to further dissect the impact of a long-term HFD regimen on both systemic and intestinal immunity. Adult DQ8 mice (n = 6/group) were fed a gluten-free diet (GFD), an HFD, or an HFD containing 8% gluten (HFD+G) for 23 weeks. We assessed clinical parameters, the phenotype and function of splenic and lamina propria (LP) T cells by flow cytometry, and multiparametric quantitation of cytokines induced in vitro. An HFD for 23 weeks increased body weight as expected, paralleled by a significant shortening of the caecum (P < 0.001). FACS analysis revealed that an HFD drastically increased the number of potentially cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells in the LP but not in the spleen. An HFD+G significantly reduced, but did not abolish, the percentage of these cells (p < 0.01). Induction of cytokine secretion in vitro showed that LP cells from both HFD- and HFD+G-fed mice did not secrete any cytokines, whereas both innate (TNF-α) and adaptive immunity (IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-17) cytokines were induced in the LP of GFD-fed mice. In conclusion, we found that a long-term HFD regimen impaired the phenotype of immune cells and their effector functions distinctly in the small intestine of gluten-sensitive DQ8 mice. The presence of gluten in the diet changed the phenotype but did not abolish the block of effector activity. Our findings could help further elucidate the functional status of the immune system under the HFD regimen.
PubMed2026
Impaired fasting glucose is comparable to diabetes mellitus in predicting mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: the role of β-cell function and insulin resistance.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) disrupts glucose metabolism due to repeated exposure to glucose-based dialysate. This prospective cohort study evaluates whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) confers cardiovascular and mortality risks comparable to those of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to analyze the contributions of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) in patients undergoing PD. 216 patients receiving PD in Taiwan were stratified by baseline glycemic status into normal fasting glucose (n = 71), IFG (n = 58), and DM (n = 87). β-cell function was assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-cell Function (HOMA-β), while IR was evaluated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3 P-MACE). Over a median follow-up of 41 months, 69 deaths (32%) occurred; 42% and 38% were attributed to cardiovascular and infectious causes, respectively. Survival curves for IFG and DM were nearly superimposable, and both were worse than that for normal glucose. In fully adjusted models, IFG independently predicted 3 P-MACE (sHR, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.50-10.66; p = 0.006) and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.16-5.32; p = 0.02), with risks comparable to those observed in DM. The TyG index independently predicted both outcomes, whereas greater β-cell function was associated with a reduced risk of both endpoints. These findings suggest that cardiovascular and mortality risks in IFG are comparable to those in DM among PD patients, potentially mediated by β-cell dysfunction and increased IR.
PubMed2026
Parabacteroides distasonis alleviates Clostridioides difficile infection in mice while modulating secondary bile acids.
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, with frequent recurrences closely linked to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Parabacteroides distasonis, a potential probiotic capable of converting primary to secondary bile acids, has shown therapeutic promise in several metabolic and inflammatory diseases. This study evaluated the preventive and therapeutic effects of P. distasonis against CDI and explored the underlying mechanisms. We characterized the probiotic properties of four P. distasonis strains and investigated the inhibitory activity of strain 1190003 against C. difficile, as well as its protective and therapeutic efficacy in mouse models. Gut microbiota structure and bile acid metabolic profiles were analyzed by integrating 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics. The four P. distasonis strains exhibited strong acid and bile salt tolerance as well as auto-aggregation ability. Supernatants from P. distasonis co-cultured with cholic acid (4 mM and 8 mM) significantly inhibited C. difficile growth, toxin expression and spore formation, with deoxycholic acid identified as the key inhibitory metabolite. Both live P. distasonis and its culture supernatant alleviated disease severity in CDI mouse models and ameliorated gut microbiota dysbiosis. Notably, the relative abundance of Parabacteroides goldsteinii was increased following supernatant treatment. Furthermore, intervention with either live P. distasonis or its supernatant elevated the level of hyodeoxycholic acid. In summary, P. distasonis acts as a potential probiotic that alleviates CDI by ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis and remodeling bile acid metabolism. These findings provide experimental evidence for its use as a microbiota-based therapeutic strategy.
PubMed2026
Genome-scale metabolic models predict diet- and lifestyle-driven shifts of ecological interactions in the gut microbiome.
Microbiomes and their host environments form complex, interconnected ecosystems. The microbial species within a microbiome, on the one hand, compete for resources, while on the other hand, they exchange vital metabolites to support their survival. These interactions are influenced by the microbial genetic repertoire, environmental conditions, and availability of nutrients. We developed EcoGS (http://www.github.com/KaletaLab/EcoGS), a metabolic modeling tool designed to predict the ecological interactions between pairs of microbes. Applying EcoGS to the microbiomes of two distinct human cohorts revealed a shift from collaborative to exploitative ecological interactions associated with increased dietary intake of simple sugars (glucose and fructose) in diabetic individuals and those living industrialized lifestyles. On the other hand, the consumption of cobalamin (vitamin B12), phylloquinone (vitamin K1), and biotin (vitamin B7), among other compounds, was associated with increased collaboration in the gut microbiome. We conclude that the abundance of simple sugars as an energy source reduces the necessity for microbes to cooperate, thereby increasing competition and hostility among microbiome members. Moreover, our study proposes multiple compounds, such as urate, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, and hypoxanthine, for in vitro validation tests as dietary interventions that have the potential to restore the ecological balance within the community. EcoGS serves as a valuable tool for exploring microbiome dynamics and their connections to environmental changes and disease.