A Problem-Solving Therapy With Apple Watch Support for College Students With Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

چکیده اصلی

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences and represents a major public health problem. While AUD is most prevalent among college students, integrated evidence-based treatments for this population are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of our study were to test the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed behavioral intervention, problem-solving therapy and Apple Watch (PST-APPLE), and to preliminarily investigate the effectiveness of PST-APPLE among college students with symptoms of AUD. METHODS: Participants were recruited through online advertising and on campus at universities in the Chicago area between May and September 2024. They were randomized in a 1:1 ratio using block randomization to the intervention group (PST-APPLE: n=12 individuals) or the control group (education-only: n=14 individuals), with the data analyst blinded to treatment assignment. Participants in the intervention group completed 12 weeks of the PST-APPLE intervention, delivered remotely via Zoom videoconferencing and interactions with the Apple Watch. Participants in the control group were asked to watch a 20-minute abstinence-motivation video and then participate in a 30-minute group discussion via Zoom. All participants completed follow-up assessments at 3 months. Outcomes included alcohol-related problems (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT] and Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index [RAPI]) and drinking motivation (Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised [DMQR]). RESULTS: We enrolled 26 participants aged 18-25 years. The mean age was 22.5 (SD 2.20) years. We found reduced scores between preintervention and postintervention measures in the intervention group using 2-tailed paired t tests and baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance, including reduced alcohol misuse and problems (AUDIT and RAPI scores) and reduced DMQR social and coping motivation scores. Baseline-adjusted mean differences comparing the intervention with the control group showed reductions in alcohol use (AUDIT; mean difference -4.70, 95% CI -8.69 to -0.70) and in DMQR social motivation (mean difference -0.85, 95% CI -1.51 to -0.18) and enhancement motivation scores (mean difference -0.75, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings indicate that the PST-APPLE intervention is feasible, acceptable, and hypothesis generating among college students with AUD. While findings are promising, this pilot study was not powered for definitive efficacy testing. A fully powered randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these effects. Future studies could adapt PST-APPLE to other wrist-worn electronic devices/watches that capture physiological data (eg, Fitbit, Samsung Galaxy Watch) to increase reach and scalability, particularly among younger adults and digitally literate populations.

ترجمه فارسی چکیده

این مطالعه هدف داشت قابلیت اجرا و پذیرش یک مداخله رفتاری جدید، یعنی درمان مشکل‌حل‌گری و اپل واچ (PST-APPLE)، را در دانشجویان با علائم اختلال مصرف الکل (AUD) بررسی کند و اثربخشی آن را به طور اولیه ارزیابی نماید. شرکت‌کنندگان از دانشگاه‌های منطقه شیکاگو بین مه و سپتامبر ۲۰۲۴ جذب شدند و به صورت تصادفی به گروه مداخله (PST-APPLE: n=12) یا گروه کنترل (فقط آموزش: n=14) تخصیص یافتند. در گروه مداخله، مداخله ۱۲ هفته‌ای PST-APPLE به صورت دورکاری از طریق ویدئو کنفرانس و تعامل با اپل واچ انجام شد. در گروه کنترل، شرکت‌کنندگان ویدیوی ۲۰ دقیقه‌ای انگیزه سکونت و سپس بحث گروهی ۳۰ دقیقه‌ای از طریق ویدئوکنفرانس شرکت کردند. نتایج نشان داد کاهش امتیازات در گروه مداخله نسبت به پیش‌مداخله، شامل کاهش سوءاستفاده و مشکلات مرتبط با الکل و کاهش امتیازات انگیزه اجتماعی و مقابله‌ای. این یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده امکان‌پذیری و پذیرش PST-APPLE است، اما به دلیل حجم نمونه کم، این مطالعه برای آزمون اثربخشی قطعی قدرت کافی نداشت.

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