Biophysical rationale and emerging clinical perspectives of surfactants in thoracic surgery: a translational review.

چکیده اصلی

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary surfactants are essential for alveolar stability and gas exchange. While their clinical use is well established in neonatal care, their potential in thoracic surgery remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: To review the current and emerging applications of surfactants in thoracic surgical practice, and to assess their role in perioperative lung protection. METHODS: We reviewed recent literature on surfactant biology, perioperative administration strategies, and novel formulations, including bio-derived and responsive surfactants. RESULTS: Exogenous surfactants may improve lung compliance, preventing atelectasis, and mitigating postoperative respiratory complications. In thoracic surgery, surfactants may also serve as drug delivery vehicles or anti-inflammatory agents. However, clinical use remains limited, and further studies are needed to define optimal dosing, timing, and patient selection. CONCLUSIONS: Surfactants represent a versatile and evolving tool in thoracic surgery. With continued innovation and clinical validation, they may become an effective adjunct for enhancing perioperative respiratory outcomes.

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