Maternal nutritional status and the risk of metabolic syndrome in pregnancy: implications for public health nutrition.

چکیده اصلی

BACKGROUND: Maternal nutritional status is considered essential for metabolic adaptation during pregnancy. Both malnutrition and obesity are associated with metabolic abnormalities; however, the link between these factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pregnancy remains poorly studied from a public health perspective. AIM: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and the risk of metabolic syndrome in pregnant females. METHODS: In a retrospective observational study, data were collected from the medical records of 850 pregnant women from tertiary care hospitals between November 2023 and May 2025. Assessment of nutritional status was carried out using dietary and body mass index (BMI). MetS was diagnosed based on the presence of three or more metabolic conditions. Logistic regression was employed to identify significant risk factors, adjusting for various covariates. RESULTS: MetS was diagnosed in 24.7% of cases. Patients with MetS were found to have higher BMI, dietary calorie intake, fat, and sugar consumption, and lower fibre consumption (p < 0.001). Risk factors of MetS included poor nutritional habits (AOR = 2.45), insufficient fibre intake (AOR = 2.12), increased BMI (AOR = 2.76), and excessive dietary fat intake (AOR = 1.89). There appeared to be a dose-response effect between fibre intake and MetS. CONCLUSION: Nutrition status is significantly associated with the risk of MetS during pregnancy. Findings suggest that nutritional evaluation and intervention are important strategies in public health nutrition.

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