[Variation patterns of chemical constituents in Bidens pilosa var. radiata: harvest time, geographical origin, and medicinal parts].

چکیده اصلی

A systematic chemical characterization of Bidens pilosa var. radiata was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). A quantitative method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector(UPLC-PDA) was established for phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the impacts of growth stage, geographical environment, and medicinal parts on chemical constituents of B. pilosa var. radiata were comprehensively investigated. This study revealed for the first time its multi-dimensional dynamic variation patterns across harvest time, geographical origin, and medicinal parts. A total of 48 chemical constituents were identified, predominantly flavonoids and phenolic acids. The established UPLC-PDA method achieved accurate quantification of 10 major compounds, including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and hyperoside. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the active ingredients of B. pilosa var. radiata showed significant time-dependent accumulation, with August identified as the optimal harvesting period for samples from Guangxi. The quality of B. pilosa var. radiata varied markedly across regions, with Guangxi specimens exhibiting balanced and higher constituent levels and thus being qualified as premium medicinal references. Climatic conditions significantly influenced component accumulation, with high temperature, humidity, and moderate sunlight in Guangxi favoring flavonoid and phenolic acid biosynthesis. Distinct tissue-specific distribution patterns of phenolic acids and flavonoids were observed, with content levels following the order of leaves > flowers > stems. Furthermore, principal component analysis(PCA) was employed for unsupervised pattern recognition of 14 batches of Bidens medicinal materials to characterize their distribution patterns, while supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) was applied to differentiate samples from different botanical origins. Isochlorogenic acid A, chlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid B were identified as potential differential components. By establishing a chemometric quality evaluation system based on multi-component analysis, this study systematically elucidated the dynamic variation patterns of chemical constituents in B. pilosa var. radiata, providing a scientific foundation for rational quality standards development, medicinal part optimization, origin suitability assessment, and germplasm resource utilization.

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